Corporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Governance Management Essay Essays

Corporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Governance Management Essay Essays Corporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Governance Management Essay Essay Corporate Social Responsibility And Corporate Governance Management Essay Essay Labor development is the work gained from any individual through threatening and non voluntarily avidity of such individual. In the epoch of capitalist economy, the workers were treated merely like trade goods that used to bring forth things. In such capitalistic environment, the labours were exploited at work by non paying them the worth they are working and heightening their ain net income. But after the coming of globalisation, labours are now treated as the resources for the company who are the most outstanding plus for the organisation. But still the labour faces development is the signifier of less paid, labour trafficking, workplace development, domination, kid labour, menaces, physical injury, limitation, debt bondage etc ( Fact sheet: Labour development, 2009 ) . Company Background ( Wal-Mart ) : History: Wal-Mart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 with the gap of its first shop at Rogers, Arkansas as retail shop for all the consumer goods so as to do the consumer goods at individual shop ( Heritage ) . With the airy leading of Sam Walton, it got incorporated in 1969 and was able to merchandise in New York Stock Exchange by 1972. Through the attempts of invention and leading, Wal-Mart has grown as the universe s largest Discount Department shops and named as the World s Largest Public Corporation by Revenue by the 2010 Forbes Global 2000. With the enlargement and strategic confederation scheme of the company, Wal-Mart successfully installed its China imported merchandises to all over the universe with highly successful in UK and South America though unsuccessful in South Korea and Germany. It is researching its image of the taking transnational company in the whole universe through its enlargement scheme to take the competitory advantage of the planetary market. In the procedure of suc h enlargement, company is be aftering to supply its merchandises and services to the consumers of Middle East specifically in UAE as it is considered as the best hub for trade all the universe ( Our Narrative ) . Location A ; Number of Employees: Wal-Mart serves more than 200 million times client daily as per the demand of the client whether it is retail mercantile establishment or online or through nomadic and other pass oning devices. It operates its operation in 27 states under more than 69 streamers to supply its services to the planetary clients. The gross revenues for the financial twelvemonth of 2012 histories for $ 444 billion while it employs 2.2 million employees world-wide and now it is be aftering to beef up both the place of the company as a taking Multinational company and the Economic development of UAE ( Our Narrative ) . Undertaking Aims: Our undertaking aims at researching the construct of Exploitation of Workers with particular mention to the Wal-Mart Company. The Exploitation of the Workers has been explored by concentrating on the Business Perspective, Government Perspective and the Social Perspective associated with the construct. Furthermore the undertaking aims at acknowledging and researching the importance of Good Corporate Administration to the concern organisations like Wal-Mart in this concern sphere. Undertaking besides includes the account of put to deathing the corporate societal duties by the companies and the fiscal benefits gained by them due to the same. The function played by Government and Society which motivates the company to execute its corporate societal duty. At last the undertaking suggested the rules of Good Corporate Governance. Part I Business Position: Point of View of Wal-Mart about Exploitation of Workers: Wal-Mart is one of the most awful users of workers in world. Wal-Mart has extended its impact to parts of the development scenario where workers are in copiousness and constricts the life out of its human resource for the net income maximization. Wal-Mart has faced about 5000 civil suits yearly for the misdemeanor of human rights and workers development. Wal-Mart considers its workers as the factor of production and simply trade good which is responsible to heighten the organisational production and productiveness. The development of workers in the Wal-Mart can easy be seen systematically through following points: Inadequate sum of rewards, wages and other human resource benefits to employees. Overtime services from the workers without their willingness and off-the-clock labour. Activities against the trade brotherhood. Gender biasness at the workplace particularly against the adult females. Using illegal human resource by the manner of third-party contractors ( Lane, 2010 ) . Attitude of Wal-Mart towards Social Duty: The Wal-Mart CSR scheme aims to salvage money and live better for the clients. In relation to CSR Wal-Mart follows every twenty-four hours low costing scheme so as to assist the clients save their money, stretching their payroll checks and supply the better living criterion for the households. The work of the organisation is non merely limited to the clients but it extends the benefits for the whole community around the universe. The organisation perceives itself as the responsible and the timeserving to convey out the differences that matter a batch for the social sustainable development. Issues such as environment saving, hunger battle, poorness, and Women authorization, healthy and low-cost nutrient are perceived as the duty by Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart follows its CSR by committed towards the undermentioned attempts: Environmental Sustainability. Hunger and Nutrition. Women Economic Empowerment. Diversity and Inclusion. Ethical Sourcing. Veterans and Military Families ( Global Responsibility ) . Fiscal Benefits of a Corporate Social Responsibility for Wal-Mart: The fiscal benefits of put to deathing the corporate societal duty to Wal-Mart include assorted benefits including the good corporate and market image and enhanced workers trueness. The fiscal benefits are as follows: Effective executing of Corporate Social Responsibility helps in increasing the production and productiveness of the Wal-Mart which finally leads to increase in gross revenues and net income of the company. Corporate Social Responsibility public presentation helps Wal-Mart in heightening its retail merchandise and services distinction which can carry through the demands of clients with augmented quality and full value for illustration: trade carnival, macrobiotic goods etc. By executing its corporate societal duty, Wal-Mart can diminish its cost of runing the concern operations. For illustration: Wal-Mart can acquire the goods and services from the providers at lowest cost as most possible extent, and through enhanced employees trueness it has to incur low cost in the procedure of enlisting and keeping of employees and decreased the cost of employee turnover. Corporate Social Responsibility will be helpful in the successful execution of the concern undertakings and the enlargement of concern units at maximal locations, globally. For Example: The instance of Wal-Mart vs. Target in which Wal-Mart often faces difficult legal challenges when seeking to turn up new retail shops and has been incapable to come in some market finishs, despite expensive and comprehensive legal struggle, where Target has achieved entry, like Manhattan, New York. Corporate societal Responsibility will enable Wal-Mart to hold enhanced entree to the good-humored relationships with all the stakeholders including spouses, clients, providers, and sellers, employees which finally helps in diminishing the hazard associated with legal and regulative mulcts. The benefits of put to deathing Corporate Social Responsibility includes good market and trade name image and healthy dealingss with the stakeholders which finally helps in carry throughing the organisational aims of net income and wealth maximization, along with assorted ends, mission and vision achievement ( concern instance for corporate societal duty ) . Pressure on the Business Organization ( Wal-Mart ) from Society and Government: Wal-Mart and other companies of US are being enforced to follow the CSR by the authorities and society within the organisation so as to hold sustainable development in environment and the economic system. US authorities has adopted CSR under US Corporate Dialogue in 1984. In 2006, the expressed political determination was taken by committee to forbear the binding statute law on CSR rules. Assorted multi stakeholders forum and social association enforced the organisations to follow CSR for the sustainable development of the state. But still the CSR ever remains as the voluntary scheme of the company. The US authorities and society ever tries to adhere the company with the CSR ordinances so that the misleading of the clients and other stakeholders can be avoided. Rigorous ordinances have been passed by the statute law for maintain the CSR specifically related to societal jurisprudence, labour jurisprudence and the environmental jurisprudence ( Mickels, 2009 ) . Government Perspective: Point of View of Government sing Exploitation of Workers: Exploitation of workers was being practiced by the communistic types of authorities but under the democratic authorities, Exploitation of workers is against the labour Torahs and the human rights as per US authorities norms. The workers should be treated as the worlds and non the trade goods. Government has obligated assorted rigorous legal duty and even punishments for such illegal and social abusing patterns ( Mickels, 2009 ) . How it regulates Business and Society to see Social Duty: The US authorities has enforced CSR norms within the companies through US Dialogue Code 1984 and amendment in the rules in 2006 through which it makes the organisation accountable to describe the human rights and environmental maltreatments within the company and guaranting to describe every bit minimal as they can do. The companies are bounded to follow the rigorous human rights and environmental norms and failure to such norms leads to punishments for such companies ( Mickels, 2009 ) . Influence on Governments from the Business Organization and Society: However the authorities constabularies have bounded the US companies to purely follow the CSR and the human rights against the development of labour but still following CSR is yet kept as the voluntary action in the custodies of the companies and hence most of the companies avoid to follow such duty towards environment. However Wal-Mart and other planetary MNC s follow the CSR on the precedence footing to guarantee the sustainable development of the environment and the state ( Mickels, 2009 ) . Society Perspective: Point of View of Society about the Exploitation of Workers: Society believe that the development of workers as the communistic activity which is used to rule the labour against their human rights. They are threatened to make the work without effectual wages, torment at the workplace and fondness which is wholly non accepted by the society. Through such evil patterns, hapless become poorer and rich become richer which brought down the instability in the society and the economic system. Child labour, sexual torment, human trafficking are the parts of development of labour which are considered as the expletive on the society ( Mickels, 2009 ) . Criticism of Society towards the Business Organization ( Wal-Mart ) and the Exploitation of Workers in general: The social norms purely consider the development as the strong discourtesy against the human rights and the social norms. Assorted Social signifiers and associations have adopted sustainable corporate constabularies though a theoretical account in 1994 known as the three P s theoretical account stands for Peoples ( Human Rights ) , Profit ( Efficiency ) , Planet ( Environment ) . This ternary bottom line concern theoretical account helps to keep the transparent and just concern patterns within the society ( Mickels, 2009 ) . The Influence of the Business Organization ( Wal-Mart ) and Government to the Attitude of Society: Under the influence of the social norms and the governmental duties, the Wal-Mart is following the CSR efficaciously sing the CSR as its ain planetary duty. The attempts of Wal-Mart for CSR comprises of following subparts: Environmental Sustainability. Hunger and Nutrition. Women Economic Empowerment. Diversity and Inclusion. Ethical Sourcing. Veterans and Military Families ( Global Responsibility ) Part II The Impact of external forces on the organisation ( Wal-Mart ) : Technology: Technology plays a really outstanding function in the successful executing of concern operations of the Wal-Mart ; the recognition of success of Wal-Mart is decidedly goes to the proper use of engineering. Technology is an of import external factor which poses both positive and riotous impact on the employee s behaviour and organisational development. Technology systematically helps in streamlining the concern procedures and makes the work easier and comfy, qualitative for employees but the procedure of larning refering to the use of new and latest engineering while keeping the productiveness may be hard and nerve-racking for Wal-Mart. Technology helps the Wal-Mart in beef uping its retail concatenation and holding competitory advantage over others. The elements in the rapid debut of new engineerings leads to make assorted jobs to the Wal-Mart viz. changeless demand for new preparation and development plans, betterment in the concern operational procedure and records care. Technologi es like unfastened sourcing, nanotechnology, and collaborative computer science have a important influence on the concern operations of Wal-Mart, New Technologies have unpredicted effects for the society when they are utilised into extended usage for commercial net income, Wal-Mart should carefully and efficaciously analyze merely the impact of engineerings on its theoretical account of concern strategically, along with the jeopardies imposed by engineering on people including all the stakeholders ( Basker, April 2007 ) . Competition: Wal-Mart faces tough competition with all the parallel retail trade names non merely in the UAE but besides globally. It faces competition in footings of merchandise and services distinction, market cleavage, market placement, aiming the clients, pricing schemes, promotional schemes like price reduction, free offers and strategies, advertisement, gross revenues publicity, famous person indorsement in the publicity of the merchandise and services etc. But the toughest signifier of all the competition is the pricing competition, Wal-Mart is one of the most prima retail trade names globally and it charges really high cost for the merchandises and services and therefore faces competition with the lower cost trade names ( Donald, 2009 ) The Organization ( Wal-Mart s ) Management: Retrenchment: The twelvemonth 2006 noticed the most of import retrenchment for the Wal-Mart since it carried out its planetary enlargement in the early 1990s, in an effort to resuscitate the growing of gross revenues and net income. Wal-Mart, the planetary largest retail merchant, acknowledges licking in its long term venerable operations to perforate efficaciously the retail market of Germany. On July 30, 2006, the Wal-Mart declared that it was manus over its operations in Germany to the Metro AG, a German retail merchant trade name. Wal-Mart had been trying to make its German shops more good commercially for eight old ages. Wal-Mart provinces a pretax loss pertaining to the gross revenues amounting $ 1 billion. Wal-Mart had ab initio declared in May 2006 that it would sell its 16 retail shops in the South Korea ( Donald, 2009 ) . As a portion of its retrenchment scheme ; Wal-Mart besides applied the cost film editing and salvaging policies to the human resource of the organisation. In a amalgama tion with Massmart, one of the taking retail trade name concatenation, Wal-Mart retrenched 503 employees in the twelvemonth 2010 ( June 2010 ) . Employment Discrimination: Equally per as the values and beliefs of Wal-Mart are concern, they are govern by the positions of Sam Walton on which the foundation of the company is based i.e. the regard for every person . It aims at put to deathing concern operations with non favoritism in the procedure of employment. Wal-Mart purposes at making a corporate civilization of common trust and respects which encourage an optimistic work environment. It means that it aims at handling all the stakeholders with the courtesy and equity in all the concern minutess and communicating. Wal-Mart is committed at prolonging a diverse work force and comprehensive work environment. Harmonizing to the values of the company, Wal-Mart will non bear any favoritism associated with the employment and determinations of employment or in the concern minutess on the footing of age, gender, colour, race, caste, credo, faith, lineage, disablement, nationality, relationship position, ethnicity or any other lawfully secured position. It doe s non know apart with its associates, human resource, clients, providers and other stakeholders. But on the contrary there are assorted facts and figure which revels the information sing the favoritism in the employment conditions by Wal-Mart. The first and first issue associated with the employment favoritism is the gender biasness. Almost 2,000 adult females in 48 provinces files civil suits against Wal-Mart, kicking about the employment favoritism associated with the wage and publicities in comparing to male employees ( Non-Discrimination ) . The Principles of Corporate Administration: The importance of Good Corporate Administration in the success of the organisation can barely be overemphasized. It plays a really important function in keeping reciprocally affable dealingss between f the direction and all the stakeholders. The Principles of Corporate Governance are as follows: Principle 1: Fit house foundations for Management and Supervision: In order to hold a Good Corporate Governance, concern organisations should explicate and pass on the accompaniment functions and duties of board of managers and direction. Principle 2: Form the board in order to added value: Organizations should set up a board with effectual size, composing, and trueness to efficaciously dispatch its responsibilities, functions and duties. Principle 3: Endorse Ethical and Accountable procedure of Decision Making: Ethical and accountable determination doing leads to smooth operation of concern operations and guarantee Good Corporate Governance. Principle 4: Maintain Reliability in Financial Reporting of the Company: Honesty in presenting true fiscal facts and figures helps in constructing common trust with all the stakeholders which is a gateway to Good Corporate Governance. Principle 5: Communicating all the needed Information Timely and Impartially: Companies must concentrate on unwraping all the information concern with its operations to all the stakeholders. Principle 6: Value the Shareholders Rights: Companies must value and esteem the stockholder s rights and ease them by supplying entree to the rights. Principle 7: Effective Identification and Management of Risk associated with the Business: Companies must make a sound hazard direction system of hazard in order to hold effectual supervising and pull offing internal control. Principle 8: Compensate reasonably and faithfully: Business Organizations should determine that the degree and foundation of wage is equal and rational and that its association with public presentation is clear and effectual. Principle 9: Promote the Human Resource s enhanced Performance: Companies should place, promote and acknowledge the outstanding and expected public presentation of the employees, board of managers and direction in the organisation. Principle 10: Identify and acknowledge the legal benefits of Stakeholders: Business organisations should acknowledge all the legal duties of all the valid stakeholders and put to death them consequently ( Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best Practice Recommendations, March 2003 ) . Decision: The Exploitation of workers in the concern organisations is the most rising issue of the today s cut pharynx competition, in order to last and accomplish the net income maximization aim in this tough competition companies exploits their work force blindly. Exploitation of Workers leads to interrupt the common trust and trueness between human resource and the organisation which finally affects the production, productiveness, profitableness and long term growing and sustainability of the concern. If the concern organisation s production gets affected it will finally impact the market and clients and society s demand for merchandises and services. If the society is non satisfied with the trade and commercialism activities so it will finally impact the stableness of authorities and the economic development of the state. So in order to forestall the aforesaid issues and ensures the sustainable development concern organisations should implements the rules of Good Corporate Governance and e xecutes their Corporate Social Responsibilities.

How to Manage and Maintain Paulownia tomentosa

How to Manage and Maintain Paulownia tomentosa An Introduction to Royal Paulownia: Royal Paulownia is a native of China where it is revered as a tree and loved for both its legends and its usability. The trees form is a bit ragged but can provide an enjoyable and dramatic, coarse-textured appearance with huge heart-shaped leaves and large clusters of lavender flowers in the spring. Paulownia flowers are usually set before leaf emergence so they really stand out against a neutral or evergreen background. With its very rapid growth rate, the princess-tree can reach 50 feet in height with an equal spread in an open landscape. Royal Paulownia Specifics: Scientific name: Paulownia tomentosaPronunciation: pah-LOE-nee-uh toe-men-TOE-suhCommon name(s): Princess-Tree, Empress-Tree, PaulowniaFamily: ScrophulariaceaeUSDA hardiness zones: 5B through 9Origin: not native to North AmericaUses: reclamation plant; tree has been successfully grown in urban areas where air pollution, poor drainage, compacted soil, and/or drought are commonAvailability: grown in small quantities by a small number of nurseries Invasive Exotic Status: Royal paulownia is a prolific seeder but not welcomed by many forest owners. Woody seed capsules form in autumn containing up to two-thousand seeds and can cover a large area using wind power. The seeds persist through the winter and have a high germination percentage. Seeds germinate readily in the landscape and because of this ability to take over a site, paulownia has been given invasive exotic tree status and planters are cautioned about its reproductive potential. Royal Paulownia Description: Height: 40 to 50 feetSpread: 40 to 50 feetCrown uniformity: irregular outline or silhouetteCrown shape: round; vase shapeCrown density: moderateGrowth rate: fastTexture: coarse Trunk and Branch Structure: Royal paulownias bark is thin and easily damaged from mechanical impact so be careful using equipment around the tree. Paulownia has a characteristic droop as the tree grows and will require pruning for vehicular or pedestrian clearance beneath its canopy. The tree is not particularly showy and to improve its appearance, should be grown with a single leader. There is a major pruning requirement: the tree needs regular pruning to develop a strong structure. Paulownia Foliage: Leaf arrangement: opposite/suboppositeLeaf type: simpleLeaf margin: entireLeaf shape: cordate; ovateLeaf venation: pinnate; palmateLeaf type and persistence: deciduousLeaf blade length: 8 to 12 inches; 4 to 8 inchesLeaf color: greenFall color: no fall color changeFall characteristic: not showy Pruning a Royal Paulownia: The Princess-Tree expresses rapid growth and can reach 8 feet in two years from seed. This causes frequent winter kill to tender growth. You will not find this to be a problem if you prune down to where an axillary bud can take over as the single leader. It is important to build a single leader as long as possible and there should be a clear stem to the first main branch at 6 feet or higher. This pruning process is especially important if you are wanting to utilize the tree for its wood. Royal Paulownia In Depth: Paulownia thrives best in deep, moist but well-drained soil that is sheltered from the wind. The tree has become naturalized in many parts of the southern United States so you can see them most anywhere in lower North American latitudes. Fuzzy, brown flower buds form in early autumn, persist over the winter and bloom in early spring. These buds may freeze in very cold weather and drop off. Woody seed capsules form in autumn containing up to two-thousand seeds. They can easily hibernate through the winter and germinate readily in the landscape or wherever they are carried. Leaves rapidly drop within one week following the first frost in autumn. Storm damage can be a problem as the tree is susceptible to breakage either at the crotch due to poor collar formation or the wood itself is weak and tends to break. It has no known insect enemies. There have been occasional reports of problems with mildew, leaf- spot and twig canker.

ENTERAL NUTRITION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ENTERAL NUTRITION - Essay Example The purpose of this study was to determine the practices of enteral nutrition and procedures among adults in intensive care units (Fulbrook et al., p. 163). The independent variables were adults in intensive care units while the dependent variables were practices of enteral feeding. A hypothesis of this study was that timely administration of enteral feeding could minimize complications in the ICU and improve the recovery rates among adult patients in ICU. (Fulbrook et al.,p. 166). A progression of worldwide studies has demonstrated that, in numerous ICUs, health care providers do not begin enteral nutrition for all qualified patients. Postponing timing in the organization, and a few highlights having an effect on a conveyance may lead to disappointment in individual encouraging targets (Fulbrook et al., p. 174). This article focuses on a literature review with the aim of helping establish the criterion for enteral nutrition among the critically ill as well as helping identify timely initiation among those eligible. Proper assessments are essential before initiating this mode of feeding. (Fulbrook et al.,p. 178). Enteral feeding is a necessity to optimize caloric targets. The research suggests that enteral nutrition to commence within 24-48 hours and the nurse should monitor the patient for any complications arising from this feeding method. The reported troubles in improving calorific admission in critically ill patients have driven the ICU group to distinguish proof based rules to create models of NS and enhance persistent results. (Fulbrook et al.,p. 176). Early start of EN, the lower term of mechanical ventilation, decrease in the unseemly utilization of parenteral sustenance (PN), potential to decrease sepsis-related complexities, intrusions in conveyance and diminished danger of death. A convenience sample test of basic consideration of medical caretakers speaking to 20 nations of the European federation of Critical Care Nursing associations

How Do Political Parties Affect Voters Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How Do Political Parties Affect Voters - Essay Example Identification of parties is a concept where an individual joins and supports a political party. Because joining parties varies from one person to another. It might be from family influence, for example, parents, influenced by religion or unions. Usually, voting follows an individual’s party ID. The Electoral College was greatly affected by the rise of parties in politics through causing a great shift toward the outcome of winner-take-all of the general vote. Before the entrenching of systems of the political party, electors from particular states cast different votes for the presidential candidates. By 1830s, the rise of the parties led them to begin assigning state electoral votes to one candidate during the election. Most people would agree that political parties sway the voter with the false promises they make to the voters, advertisements and ways they use to make their opponents look dirty. All these tactics are false representations that the voter falls for, from time to time, and sways their judgment from a rational view of the political parties. (Duignan, 2013). A political party is an organization that allows people who are like-minded to work together in promoting particular ideas to achieve particular goals. The collaboration and co-operation of people with varying skill, views, experiences and knowledge within a political party are the main cause for the party to create policies across a variety of concerns required by the national interest. According to Houghton Committee, 1976, a political party serves as an aggregate for many diverse interests in the society forming them into a reasonable and clear political program. They make electoral choices simpler for citizens and facilitate the government by providing coherence to parties in the parliament. They perform a selection of candidates to the parliament and other bodies of the government and enable citizens to participate in processes of policy-making. Finally, political parties help provide a broad education on politics.  

Comparison Between Coca Cola And Pepsi Marketing Essay

Comparison Between Coca Cola And Pepsi Marketing Essay For over the past substantial number of years, the Coca-Cola and Pepsi companies have been the two leading and competing companies as far as the selling of beverages is concerned. In respect to this, the two companies have been in a constant battle concerning the control of soft drinks market share. The present situation has been that each of the two companies has been competing to outshine the other by gaining the largest market share in the beverage market with an annual value ranging at over 30 billion dollars. This paper will explore ranging fight that the two companies have engaged in by critically analyzing their marketing campaigns. Though both companies have been inventing new ideas and products in an effort to boost their shares in the beverage market each year, the effectiveness and creativity of the marketing strategies that each of the two companies employs stands out to be the ultimate determiner of who will emerge the winner in respect to profits sales and consumer loya lty. Both Coca-cola and Pepsi companies have employed a wide variety of campaigns in their competition to gain more shares in the beverage market, some of which include sports sponsorship as well as mass media (Hitt, 2009). For Coca-Cola, the two most popular advertisement campaigns that have boosted its sales have been the Holidays are Coming Campaigns as well as the sports sponsorship both of which have been in use for a very long time. For instance, the Holidays are Coming Home advert features a convoy of delivery trucks, bearing the Coca-Cola name. The trucks which are lighted with electric bulbs drive through snowy landscapes lighting up everything they come across. The advert was intended to ensure that everybody on earth took Coca- Cola as their favorite drink by creating the impression that it lights up life especially during the winter season. However, this advertisement campaign has been criticized in that it is solely based centrally in the Southern parts of the U.S, especial ly in Atlanta The other advertisement campaign is the featuring of Coca-Cola as the official sponsor of some of the popular sporting activities. These sporting activities range from athletic, soccer, basket ball, hockey, and baseball. Perhaps the most popular sporting activities that have enabled Coca-Cola to market its product are soccer. Since 1978, Coca-Cola has been the official sponsor of the FIFA World cup along with other soccer competitions that it organizes. In addition, Coca-Cola has in the past featured as the sole official sponsor of the Football League in England a title given to the first three qualifiers in the English Premier league. By targeting the sports arena, Coca-Cola is assured of gaining access to a large number of sports fans regardless of their age or race since sports is an activity th at attracts the largest number of people. Coca-Cola has not been the only company that has derived its success from the sports arena. Other competing beverage companies including Pepsi in this case have also utilized this field in grabbing their share in the beverage market. For instance, just recently, Pepsi announced its launching of its integrated digital ad campaign with Microsoft in celebration of the 2010 football summer (Hitt, 2009). The campaign which will be organized in 14 different places worldwide targets international football fanatics. The campaign features eight of the international soccer stars including Drogba, Messi, Kaka, and Arshavin among others. With a move like this, Pepsi will be able to reach quite a large number of the worlds population, especially the youth who are great soccer fanatics. Moreover, Pepsi has been recently partnering with TV networks that it deems popular and has been placing commercials strategically in order to try and improve their relationship with its audience (Hitt, 2009). The key common ideology that links all of the above sets of advertisement campaigns together is that they represents the companies agenda to fetch a good market share in the beverage market. In respect to this, the strategies that each of the companies utilizes to achieve their common goal now becomes the underlying issue. Each company has been busy inventing ideas and new products to outshine the other in their harvesting of market shares. But whoever that will emerge the champion is the one who will employ the most effective and creative marketing strategies in terms of increasing it sales and the loyalty of the customer. Though the goals of the two companies are similar, the company utilizes marketing strategies that are somehow different an s outlined below (Hitt, 2009). Initially Pepsi had always outshone Coke in their development of new products; however, Coke learnt some of Pepsis secrets and started applying the same innovative approaches to rolling out novel products. In addition to the hiring of highly qualified marketing executives, Coke also introduced a cross training for its management in order to ensure that the upgraded the quality of their soft drinks to match with that of their competitors. Pepsi, on the other hand being a risk taker rapidly reacted to this by creating a culture of developing new ideas in advertisement every now and then. Finding of new markets in the foreign world has become a new strategy for both companies. But Coke in this field has emerged as the most successful company. The concept of offering products that satisfy the consumers requirements in foreign regions has also been an area that both companies have tried much to exploit. For example, the introduction of Pepsi Max in some countries was in response to consumers requirement of a drink with low sugars and which targeted individuals who were diabetic (Hitt, 2009). The development of new products to attract more shares has caused some of the the products from these companies to fail while others have been successful. For instance, the introduction of New Coke formula proved a total failure since consumers protested for the return of the Classic Coke. But Pepsi tops with the number of failures in products such as, Pepsi Free, Crystal, Light and Pepsi AM. For Coke and Pepsi companies, their achievements as well as their sustained retention in the market has been propagated by the increased customer base. Here the Coca-Cola Company has recently been using a single word to describe their target markets very one. The argument has been that Coke is a popular beverage manufacturing company can be attributed to the long period it has been the dominant market player. This has made it became popular among all classes of people regardless of age, religion, race or financial status (Hitt, 2009). Since its customer loyalty is great, and at the present, Coca Cola is fighting to retain most of its customers currently at Pepsi. Through its campaigns, Coke intends to formulate different media advertisements that will capture audiences from every age category. For example, adverts targeting the youth are mostly associated with enticing colors and cartoons. For the youth, the company intends to make TV commercials and other advertisements that will pr omote the drinking of Coke instead of liquor in parties. hence show them that they can still have their fun and a good time in the absence of liquor. (Hitt, 2009). Pepsi, on the other hand targets the young adults especially students between the ages of 14 years to 30. This group is mostly comprises of students in Universities, colleges as well as high school. For instance, the newly integrated digital campaign with Microsoft will mostly target the young generation, which comprise of the highest number of soccer fans. This campaign will give Pepsi a point of contact in accessing this young generation. But due, to their wide variety of products PepsiCo targets people of all ages though it has not specifically been prepared for this. The commercials and adverts employed by both companies have proved to be effective since both of the companies have managed to amass a large number of consumers. Such adverts as well as commercials have in the past utilized funny as well as enticing colors of which have been so effective among children (Hitt, 2009). Children are much attracted to flashy colors and funny items that appeal to their interests. Capturing the interest of children at a tender age promises that these kids will convert to being their customers in adulthood since they learn to identify with the brand when young. On the part of the adults and the elderly, the strategy might also be effective. This involves designing adverts that make them remember their youthful days. In addition, another effective mode of marketing the soft drinks is by convincing the youth that fun can also be realized in the absence of beers and liquor (Hitt, 2009). In the present age liquor companies have maximized on the connection betwee n drinking liquor and having a good time, such that they associate fun and merry making with consuming hard drinks. In respect to the arguments that both companies make towards one another, rivalry has always existed in trying to win more market share. Pepsi Challenge is one of the activities that clearly demonstrated this rivalry in the 1970s. in this Challenge, Pepsi organized a blind taste test to determine which brand between Coca-Cola and Pepsi contained less orange, more lemon oil, as well as makes use of vanillin instead of vanilla. These tests have always been aimed at Coke as the results indicated that customers prefer the taste of Pepsi rather than Coke. This project made Pepsis sales rise at a very high rate. This in turn gave rise to the Cola Wars. In 1985 Coke by coming up with a new formula, New Coke. However, this resulted to a total failure as customers demanded back the Coca-Cola Classic thus forcing the company to reintroduce it (Hitt, 2009). According to the 2008 report by Beverage Digest on carbonated soft drinks Coca-Cola outshines Pepsi in terms of demographics since its market shares range at 42.2% while Pepsi ranges at 30.8%. In most of regions especially in the United States, Coca-Cola outsells Pepsi except in some regions like Utah, North Dakota and Appalachia. In New York and Buffalo, Pepsi outshines Coca-Cola in sale by a ratio of two is to one. Internationally Coca-Cola commands a substantially large market share compared to Pepsi with the only exceptions being Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India Guatemala, the Dominican Republic and the Canadian provinces. In relation to demographics across different ages, both products compare fairly with respect to consumption. Children can be rated as the highest consumers of soft drinks from both companies with the youth trailing closely. However, when it comes to adults and the older generation, Coca-Cola becomes more popular and hence outsells Pepsi.

Organizational behavior Essay

1. Give examples of behaviors that provide evidence you possess at least two of these competencies. Does/will your possession of these competencies make you a better leader? Explain. An example of the evidence to the increasing reality that as a leader and someone entrusted to do persuasion in the kind of influence I do, I employ emotional competencies as well as insightful strategies. According to Kramer in Beyond Max Weber: Emotional Intelligence and public leadership, â€Å"relationships are the DNA of governance† which immediately brings to mind the full implication that it binds and runs public offices. I believe that I have what every leader would covet which is sufficient emotional intelligence. Kramer succinctly points to the American bureaucratic system and the failure to function effectively because the effects of individualism has tragically influenced and impacted people’s ability and interest to build and sustain relationships. The study by Kramer develops on the idea that the relationships mentioned hinge on the emotional competencies of people (Kramer website). 2. Identify at least one of these traits you would like to develop. Explain how a higher level of competency in this area could make you a better leader. I would like to develop this area further despite the fact that I somehow know that I have the natural ability to feel and understand people and get into their shoes. I need to know that leadership is also more than understanding people; it is also leading them to where they hardly are able to visualize to getting into. That is, helping them to transform their ideas into workable outputs towards individual and group attainments is a leadership trait that is still difficult to achieve by any manager and leader. 3. What is your overall opinion of this perspective? Should companies embrace this perspective? If so, what practical steps should they take to put it in practice? How can companies avoid any ethical issues associated with limitations? In Peter Northouse, author of Leadership: Theory and Practice observed the revival of an all-encompassing skills-based model of leadership distinguished by a map for how to reach efficient leadership in organizations (Northouse, 2004). He recommended that the classification of specific skills which can be improved by training has an intuitive appeal: â€Å"When leadership is framed as a set of skills, it becomes a process that people can study and practice to become better at their jobs† (Northouse, 2004). He also suggests that although the skills-based approach claims not to be a trait model, it includes individual attributes that look a great deal like traits. The act of leadership is also an exercise of moral reasoning. In their book Unmasking Administrative Evil, Guy Adams and Danny Balfour caution against elevating the scientific-analytical mindset higher than all other forms of rationality. Even as the rise of â€Å"technical rationality led inevitably to specialized, expert knowledge, the very life blood of the professional,† it also â€Å"spawned unintended consequences in the areas of morals and ethics as the science-based technical rationality undermined normative judgments and relegated ethical considerations to afterthoughts† (Adams & Balfour, 2004). Distinguished scholar Ronald Heifetz on the other hand, developed a definition of leadership that takes values into account. He maintains that we should look at leadership as more than a means to organizational effectiveness. Efficiency means getting achievable decisions that execute the goals of the organization. â€Å"This definition has the benefit of being generally applicable, but it provides no real guide to determine the nature or formation of those goals.† (Heifetz, 1994).   Heifetz went on to say that values such as â€Å"liberty, equality, human welfare, justice, and community† are inculcated with first-rate leaders (Heifetz, 1994). It is a necessity then, the infusion of these principles into the leader and from the leader into the organization.

Slavery, Segregation, And Discrimination - 1264 Words

Through slavery, segregation, and discrimination, history coded the worst word : the N word. However, banning this most heinous abomination of speech, used throughout history to oppress and dehumanize black people, in fact only perpetuates the trend of removing power from those whose voices society silences. Utilizing the N word gives black people a measure of control over their identities that history stole. Reclamation remembers the odious history of the word and honors the people who lived it, while giving the black community autonomy over their language, history, and selfhood. From a historical perspective, the N word has been utilized in the same way and for the same purposes as any slur. Its intention: to generalize, to dehumanize,†¦show more content†¦Four hundred years later, the perception of black people remains the same; sub-human, commodified, and downtrodden. White people granted themselves authority over black lives. They allowed themselves to dictate the terms on which black people lived, worked, and identified themselves. They coined the N word as the ultimate insult, a term for the lowest echelon of society, not even above an animal. Using the N word brings up those four hundred years of slavery, it reminds all involved parties that black people remain inferior in the eyes of society. Does this mean that the N word should be banned? No. Does this make any utterance of that profane word inappropriate? No. Does the vocalization of that word dishonor the memory of all those slaves who toiled and died in slavery or those brave activists who fought for the right to vote? No. Language is the one great unifying force that binds humans together as a species. A person’s ability to comprehend the extended metaphors of language hold within them the ability to define themselves and the world around them. Naming something gives a sense of power over it, an ownership, a right to do with it as the namer pleases. White people stole black people’s ownership over themselves when they enslaved them, and stole black people’s identities when they made the N word a synonym of laziness, ignorance, and worthlessness. That stolen authority over their sense of